Interventional studies, which are considered the gold standard for effectiveness research, can strongly address the causality of between two variables.
Cases in this type of study are divided into two groups; one group receives the intervention and the other is considered as a control group. In the next step, the researcher makes a comparison between the obtained results of these two groups. Provided that the investigated cases are humans, these types of studies are called clinical trials.
While designing an interventional study, the following points should be considered:
1. Intervention: The main difference between the interventional studies and cohorts is that in interventional studies the researcher can manipulate the exposure status and assign the risk factor.
2. Control Group: The main purpose of having a control group in such studies is to compare the effects of one or more intervention (medicine) with a placebo (controls). Moreover, interventional studies are conducted to compare the effect of intervention with new medicines.
3. Distribution of samples: One of the advantages of clinical trials is the low risk of bias in the selection of risk factors. The best way to avoid this issue is to perform a randomized sampling technique.
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